Detailed source info in reddit article: https://www.reddit.com/r/elitedangerous/comments/58q7cv/everything_you_need_to_know_about_ship_launched
Ship Launched Fighters (SLFs) are small combat ships that are launched from a host ship's Fighter Hangar. They are controlled by the host ship's pilot, NPC or a secondary crew member via telepresence. The following ships can equip Fighter Hangar: Keelback, Alliance Crusader_, Federal Gunship, Krait MkII, Type-9 Heavy, Beluga Liner, Type 10 Defender_, Anaconda, Federal Corvette, and the Imperial Cutter. Fighter Hangar can have three sizes (ship's internal slot lvl 5-7) which differ in amount of stored fighters and ability of how often you can release new fighter. You can have at one time in space only ONE fighter except if you use multi-crew (other player(s) will take control about SLF), then you can release TWO fighters at once.
There are 6 types of ship launched fighters, 3 Human and 3 Guardian_ - The human ones are the GU-97 Imperial Fighter (buy in Imaprial systems), the F63 Condor Federal Fighter (buy in Federal systems), and the Independent Taipan (buy in Independent systems). The Guardian_ ones needs first visiting Guardian_ area which is circa 700 ly out of the bubble and collecting there special micromaterials, which can be then used for unlock each fighter (via Guardian_ technology Broker service at some of High-Tech stations). Human's SLFs can have few different predefined loadouts, _Guardian's uses only one predefined loadout. You cannot change or upgrade SLFs or theirs equipment.
GU-97 Imperial Fighter __________________________ |
F63 Condor Fed. Fighter __________________________ |
Independent Taipan __________________________ |
XG7 Trident_* __________________________ |
XG8 Javelin* __________________________ |
XG9 Lance* __________________________ |
*Guardian_ SLF